The Indigenous Americas

Concurrent Dates

753 BCE	The Founding of Rome
600 BCE	Mayan civilization begins in Mexico
325 CE	Council of Nicea
476 CE	Western Rome falls
632 CE	Death of Mohammed
1492 CE	Columbus sails, expulsion of the Jews from Spain, Inquisition in high gear
1510’s CE	Montezuma, Aztec ruler, receives Cortes and the Spanish Conquistadors Copernicus tells us that the earth revolves around the sun American East coast is discovered up to Charleston

Before Columbus

South America

Chavin de Huantar
Peru, Chavin culture, 10th-3rd century BCE stone, granite

• Lanzon Stela
• Nose Ornament

The City of Cusco
Peru, Inka 15th century CE sandstone

• Qorinkancha
• Saqsa Waman
• Silver and gold maize cobs

The City of Machu Piccu
Peru, Inka 16^th century CE

• Observatory
• Intihuatana Stone

All-T’oqapu tunic
Inka 16th century CE camelid fiber and cotton

Mesoamerica
Ceremonial ax in the form of a jaguar-human
Mexico, Olmec, 10th century BCE jadeite 1’ high

Yaxchilan
Mexico, Maya, 8^th century CE limestone

• Structures 40 and 33
• Lintel 24 (Shield Jaguar and Lady Xoc)
• Lintel 25

Templo Mayor
Mexico (modern day Mexico City), Aztec 14th century CE stone
Chac-Mool

• The Coyolxauhqui Stone (volcanic stone)
• Olmec-style mask (jadeite)
• Calendar Stone (basalt)

Ruler’s feather headdress (probably of Motecuhuzoma II)
Mexico, Aztec 16th century CE feathers and gold

North America

Mesa Verde cliff dwellings
Colorado, Anasazi culture, 5th century-14th century CE sandstone

• Cliff Palace
• Kiva

Great Serpent Mound
Ohio, Mississippian 11th century CE earthwork effigy mound

Bandolier bag
USA, Lenape tribe, 19th century CE beadwork on leather

Transformation mask (exterior and interior)
Canada, Kwatiutl, wood, paint, and strings

Hide painting of Sun Dance, Cotsiogo
Wyoming, Shoshone tribe?, 20th century CE painted elk hide

Black-on-black ceramic vessel, Maria Martinez and Julian Martinez
USA, San Ildefonso Pueblo 20^th century CE blackware ceramic

Chavin de Huantar

Landon Stele

Nose Ornament

Machu Piccu

Machu Piccu, Observatory

Machu Piccu, Intihuatana

All T’oqapu

City of Cusco

Saqsa Wayman

Silver and Gold Maize Cobs

Yaxchilan

Yaxchilan, lintel 24

Yaxchilan, lintel 25

Templo Mayor

Coyolxauhqui Stone

Olmec Style mask

Calendar Stone

Ruler’s feather headdress

Mesa Verde, Cliff Palace

Mesa Verde, kiva

Great Serpent Mound

Bandolier bag

Transformation mask

Hide painting of Sun Dance

Black-on-black ceramic vessel